EN 1344-2002 粘土铺路材料.要求和试验方法;德文版本EN1344:2002
时间:2024-05-15 07:46:00 来源: 标准资料网 作者：标准资料网 阅读：8584
【英文标准名称】:Claypavers-Requirementsandtestmethods;GermanversionEN1344:2002
【原文标准名称】:粘土铺路材料.要求和试验方法;德文版本EN1344:2002
【标准号】:EN1344-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002-07
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:欧洲标准学会(EN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:特性;测试;施工材料;作标记;规范(验收);CE标记;铺路硬砖;外部区域;质量控制;组件;内部区域;定义;建筑;尺寸;通道和空间体系(建筑物);石;砖;敷设;耐酸性;粘土;建筑产品;砂;铺路板;熔渣;合格
【英文主题词】:Acidresistance;Bricks;CEmark;CEmarking;Circulationandspacesystems(buildings);Clay;Claypavers;Clinker;Components;Conformity;Construction;Constructionmaterials;Constructionalproducts;Definition;Definitions;Dimensions;Dutchclinkers;Exteriorareas;Interiorareas;Laying;Marking;Pavingslabs;Properties;Qualitycontrol;Sand;Specification(approval);Stone;Testing
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:P22
【国际标准分类号】:93_080_20
【页数】:51P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:High-frequency(HF)cablesandlines;HFlines,pairs,unshielded,characteristicimpedance240
【原文标准名称】:高频电缆电线.对称.无屏蔽的高频电线.特性阻抗240Ω
【标准号】:DIN47261-1959
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1959-11
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:电缆;质量(物质);对称的;高频;作标记;阻尼(波);射频
【英文主题词】:mass;cables;radiofrequency;marking;highfrequencies;damping;symmetrical
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:L91
【国际标准分类号】:1610
【页数】:1P;A4
【正文语种】:德语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingtheChemicalCompositionandSequenceinAlginatebyProtonNuclearMagneticResonance(1HNMR)Spectroscopy
【原文标准名称】:质子核磁共振波谱法测定褐藻酸盐中的化学成分和序列的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMF2259-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.42
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Alginates;Biomedicalmaterials/applications;Chemicalanalysis--chemicals;Degradation--environmentalmaterials/applications;Monomersequence;Nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)spectrometry;Pharmaceuticalindustry;TEMPs(tissueengineeredmedicalprodu
【摘要】:Thecompositionandsequentialstructureofalginatedeterminesthefunctionalityofalginateinanapplication.Forinstance,thegellingpropertiesofanalginatearehighlydependentuponthemonomercompositionandsequentialstructureofthepolymer.Gelstrengthwilldependupontheguluronicacidcontent(FG)andalsotheaveragenumberofconsecutiveguluronatemoietiesinG-blockstructures(NG>1).Chemicalcompositionandsequentialstructureofalginatecanbedeterminedby1H-and13C-nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy(NMR).AgeneraldescriptionofNMRcanbefoundinx003C;761>oftheUSP24-NF19.TheNMRmethodologyandassignmentsarebasedondatapublishedbyGrasdalenetal.(1979,1981,1983).,,TheNMRtechniquehasmadeitpossibletodeterminethemonadfrequenciesFM(fractionofmannuronateunits)andFG(fractionofguluronateunits),thefournearestneighboring(diad)frequenciesFGG,FMG,FGM,FMM,andtheeightnextnearestneighboring(triad)frequenciesFGGG,FGGM,FMGG,FMGM,FMMM,FMMG,FGMM,FGMG.Knowledgeofthesefrequenciesenablesnumberaveragesofblocklengthstobecalculated.NGisthenumberaveragelengthofG-blocks,andNG>1isthenumberaveragelengthofG-blocksfromwhichsinglets(-MGM-)havebeenexcluded.Similarly,NMisthenumberaveragelengthofM-blocks,andNM>1isthenumberaveragelengthofM-blocksfromwhichsinglets(-GMG-)havebeenexcluded.13CNMRmustbeusedtodeterminetheM-centeredtriadsandNM>1.Thistestmethoddescribesonlythe1HNMRanalysisofalginate.AlginatecanbewellcharacterizedbydeterminingFGandNG>1.Inordertoobtainwell-resolvedNMRspectra,itisnecessarytoreducetheviscosityandincreasethemobilityofthemoleculesbydepolymerizationofalginatetoadegreeofpolymerizationofabout20to50.Acidhydrolysisisusedtodepolymerizethealginatesamples.Freeze-drying,followedbydissolutionin99%D2O,andanotherfreeze-dryingbeforedissolutionin99.9%D2Oyieldssampleswithlow1H2Ocontent.TTHAisusedasachelatortopreventtracesofdivalentcationstointeractwithalginate.WhileTTHAisamoreeffectivechelator,otheragentssuchasEDTAandcitratemaybeused.Suchinteractionsmayleadtolinebroadeningandselectivelossofsignalintensity.Samplesareanalyzedatatemperatureof80x00B1;1x00B0;C.Elevatedsampletemperaturecontributestoreducingsampleviscosityandrepositionstheprotonsignalofresidualwatertoanareaoutsidethatofinterest.1.1ThistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthecompositionandmonomersequenceofalginateintendedforuseinbiomedicalandpharmaceuticalapplicationsaswellasinTissueEngineeredMedicalProducts(TEMPs)byhigh-resolutionprotonNMR(1HNMR).AguideforthecharacterizationofalginatehasbeenpublishedasGuideF2064.1.2Alginate,alinearpolymercomposedofx03B2;-D-mannuronate(M)anditsC-5epimerx03B1;-L-guluronate(G)linkedbyx03B2;-(1>4)glycosidicbonds,ischaracterizedbycalculatingparameterssuchasmannuronate/guluronate(M/G)ratio,guluronicacidcontent(G-content),andaveragelengthofblocksofconsecutiveGmonomers(thatis,NG>1